Emily-Draft

Emily - Draft

Sub-Arctic

1. What First Nation tribes lived here? What are some of the geographical characteristics of this region? The Beaver, Kutchin, Dogrib, Cree, Ojibwa, Hare, Dene, Chipewyan, Naskipi, Yellowknife, Tutchome, and Sekani lived in the Sub-Arctic. The summer was short and the winter were long. There wasn't that many food unless they go hunting or mostly fishing.

2. What kind of foods was available? What did they do to obtain and preserve food? They had to hunt for food for example; caribous, moose, rabbits, and fish. They also eat grouse, wood bison, mountain sheep, and goat. They also use berries as medicine. They sometimes use canoes to hunt for caribous. They also fished sometimes after they fished they will dry the fish, drying the fish is a good way to preserve it.

3. What kind of shelters did these First Nations groups build? What building materials did they use? How did this kind of shelters meet their needs? They had to have a shelter that they can carry around so they can hunt for food, they also need the shelter that can build easily and quickly. They build a shelter called the The Wigwam. The Wigwam is covered with hides or barks, it is also a dome shaped.

4. What did they use for transportation? What is it made of? In the summer, they mainly will build birch bark canoes. The women will prepare the bark covering and attach it to the frame and the seams were sealed with spruce gum. In the winter, they will use birch bark and moose hide to make toboggans and dogsleds.

5. What did they celebrate? The subarctic people belived that guardian sprits will protect them through hard times. They also believed that the sprit guardians can predict the weather to tell them where to find the game. They also have cry ceremonies. They have a sun danced that lasted for 4 days, no food or water. They had to pierced skin with buffalo horns and riped flesh from their bodies in offering to Great Manito. The Sacred Pipe was used in all ceremonies, mostly all the ceremonies was in the summer. The gifts were given in almost all the sacred ceremonies.

6. How was power shared in their families, their tribe? What can you comment on the differences and similarities between the way power is shared among your family members that in this first nations group? Most people had some medicine power, which was enhanced by a body of beliefs, such as customs observed after killing an animal. Chiefs chosen depending on the ceremony they had little power and influence. Chiefs had no authority except the ceremony they were governing.